Listening Faults聆聽的誤區(qū)
1. Have you ever thought of listening as something you could do right or wrong? Few people had, until recently. Now it is being proved that most of us aren't letting our ears do all they should to help us. And we are losing out in ways both large and small, which is too bad when we realize that good listening can be very valuable indeed. In fact it is surprising just how big a part our two listening ears play in our success in school, in our careers, in our relations with family and friends.
1、你是否想過聆聽也有對錯之分?至今，很少有人思考過這個問題。目前已經(jīng)證明，大多數(shù)人沒能讓耳朵盡其所能來幫助我們。當(dāng)我們意識到有效的傾聽是多么重要時，我們才知道自己在很多方面都有所損失，這真是太糟糕了。事實上，兩只耳朵在我們的學(xué)勻、工作和與家庭、朋友的關(guān)系里扮演的角色之重要，實在令人驚訝。
2. Therefore, how we listen is extremely important. Yet it has been proved that most of us are guilty of from one to nine bad listening habits.
2、因此，如何聆聽極其重要。然而，事實證明下面提到的九個聆聽壞習(xí)慣中或多或少都能在大多數(shù)人的身上找到。
3. Few of us want to be poor listeners or even realize that we are—until we meet up with situations which show us.
3、沒有人愿意做一個不會聽話的人，即便就是這樣的人，本人也意識不到，除非事實明擺在眼前。
4. Take Janet, for instance.
4、以簡尼特為例。
5. It came as a horrid shock to her to learn on the way to Sunday school one morning that she was to have read certain chapters in the Bible and be prepared with a little talk on them that day. And no wonder Janet was surprised. She thought she had been listening in class the week before. But apparently the words had bounced right off her ears. Why? How had she listened wrong?
5、一天早晨，在去教會的周日學(xué)校的路上，她突然記起他應(yīng)該要讀過《圣經(jīng)》中的幾個章節(jié)，并且還要準備好在那天就這幾個章節(jié)作一個小小的發(fā)言，這讓她非常震驚。也難怪簡尼特有此反應(yīng)。她以為一個星期前自己在課堂上認真聽講，但很顯然，這些話只是從她耳邊掠過。為什么?她錯在哪里?
6. There are about nine ways of listening that net us nothing but trouble, according to Dr. Ralph Nichols of the University of Minnesota. If we recognize and try to conquer them, we can step up our listening ability by about twenty-five percent and thereby greatly increase our chances for success in our daily lives.
6、明尼蘇達州立大學(xué)的Ralph Nichols博士認為，有9種聆聽的情形給人們造成麻煩。如果認識到并且努力克服它們，我們的聆聽能力就能提高25%，從而大大增加我們在日常生活中成功的機會。
7. Unless you are very unusual indeed, says Dr. Nichols, you must plead guilty to several of the following bad listening habits:
7、RalphNichols博士認為，除非你非常特殊，否則的話，你一定會承認自己有下面提到的壞習(xí)慣。
8. Daydream Listening: You can think about four times as fast as the average person speaks. So you have quite a bit of spare thinking time while waiting for the words to come in. Unconsciously, you use this time, if you are a poor listener, to let your thoughts drift elsewhere.
8、白日夢式聆聽：人思考的速度比平均的說話速度快4倍。因此，在等待別人說出下一句話時，你會有一段空余的思維時間。如果你是一個差勁的聆聽者，你的思緒就會不知不覺地在這段時間飄走。
9. For instance, your teacher is giving you some background material on American history. Your mind is with him at first. Then other thoughts drift into that spare thinking space. Without warning, they have taken over your mind entirely…… I mustn't forget to go downtown after school for Mother. If only my bike was fixed! Maybe I can get Joe to come over Saturday and help me…… Your thoughts drift on. Suddenly, with a jolt, you hear these words: "Now we'll have a little test on what I have been explaining." Ouch!
9、比如說，你的老師正在講述美國歷史的背景資料。起初你注意地聽著；之后，其他的念頭就會進入那段空余的思維時間；然后在沒有任何預(yù)兆的情況下，完全占據(jù)你的整個大腦……“一定別忘記放學(xué)后替母親進城辦事”�！耙俏业淖孕�車修理好了該多好!，”也許能讓Joe星期六過來幫我……“你的思緒就這樣漫無目的地飄蕩，突然間，你聽到這樣令人震驚的話：”現(xiàn)在，就我剛才講的進行一個小測驗�！罢嬖愀獍�！
10. So what to do to keep daydreams from filtering in? One way is to put that extra thinking time to work—on the subject. Sum up what the speaker is saying; look for major points. Pretend you are going to have to repeat his ideas. Put his words into your words. It isn't easy. It takes effort and time to learn. But the results are sure to surprise and please you.
10、那么，怎樣做才能控制“白日夢”鉆進來呢?一個方法是把這些多出來的思維時間用來考慮一些跟主題有關(guān)的事。例如，概括一下發(fā)言人說的話；找出他的發(fā)言要點；假定你要重復(fù)他的觀點，將他的話用自、己的方式重新復(fù)述一遍。要做到這些并不容易，你必須付出時間和精力去學(xué)習(xí)。但是，結(jié)果肯定是出乎意料和愉快的。
11. Shut-Ear Listening: Maybe you feel you already know what the speaker is going to say. Or his subject couldn't interest you less. You turn off your ears—and who knows what you may be missing or when a little knowledge on that subject may come in mighty handy? Anyway, why take the risk?
11、充耳不聞式聆聽：可能你覺得早已經(jīng)知道發(fā)言者將要說什么；或者，他講的主題根本不能吸引你，因此你“關(guān)閉”了耳朵—那么，誰知道你可能錯過了什么?誰又知道什么時候他講的可能會派上用場?不管怎樣，為什么要冒這樣的風(fēng)險呢?
12. "That's-What-You-Think" Listening: You have your own pet ideas on certain subjects. You don't like to hear anything which might make you question them. So when anyone begins arguing on the other side, you simply stop listening. Instead you plan what you are going to answer. Anyone who refuses too often to listen to the other side of a question risks becoming narrow-minded—an exasperating and unattractive trait in the other fellow. Is it any more becoming to you? No thanks, you say, and decide to hear the other fellow out. Maybe he is right. Maybe you are. But you can give him a better argument on your viewpoint if you hear what he says.
12、內(nèi)心排斥式聆聽：對于某些主題你會有自己的觀點，就不愿意聽到與之相左的見解。因此，當(dāng)別人開始陳述與你相反看法時，你干脆不再聽。只是思考著自己該怎樣回應(yīng)。那些經(jīng)常拒絕傾聽對立意見的人往往會變得思維狹窄—這在別人眼中是一種令人惱怒和厭煩的表現(xiàn)。你現(xiàn)在還想成為這樣的人嗎?你會說，當(dāng)然不。然后決定去認真地聽完別人的闡述�？赡芩钦_的，也可能你是正確的。但是，如果你聽了他的觀點，你就可以用自己的觀點更好地去反駁他
13. Fake Listening: You pretend to be giving close attention. You toss in a few nods and yeses at the right moments, you hope. This is a common faulty listening habit that fools no one. Your eyes give you away, if your absent-minded answers don't. And can you think of anything more infuriating than to be given the same treatment? Also, it is extremely difficult to respond satisfactorily to words you didn't hear. Good conversations, if not friendships, have been sacrificed to this habit.
13、佯裝式聆聽：你假裝在注意聽；還期望自己在恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r刻能夠點頭附和。這種常見的壞的聆聽習(xí)慣欺騙不了任何人。即使那些不著邊際的回答沒露餡，你的眼睛也會出賣你。有什么能比受到（聽眾）這樣的對待更讓人生氣呢?而且，對自己沒有認真聆聽的問題做出滿意的回答是極其困難的。這樣一個壞習(xí)慣讓你失去的可能不僅僅是交流，甚至可能是與別人的友誼。
14. Over-My-Head2 Listening: You are convinced that the subject is beyond you, so you depart, at least in spirit. You may be right. And then again you may be wrong. If you let the words enter your mind, you may be surprised to discover that they make sense. But even if they are as strange as Greek to you, you should try to listen and understand. Otherwise you may find some day that you must attempt to grasp an over-your-head idea and be totally unable even to try.
14、不知所云式聆聽：你確信正在談?wù)摰闹黝}超過了你的理解范圍，于是你起身離開，至少也是心猿意馬。你可能做的對；但你也可能是錯的。如果你用心去聽，就可能會驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)這些話很有道理。即使這些詞句像希臘語般晦澀難懂，你還是應(yīng)該盡力去聆聽和理解。否則有一天你會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處在這樣一種境地：必須要聽懂某些艱深的內(nèi)容，但自己卻連基本的能力都沒有。
15. Memory Test Listening: Some people think that trying to memorize a series of facts is good listening. They are wrong. For instance, you are getting a story for your school paper on an assembly speaker. He makes a series of points. You try to memorize them. But while you are busy planting facts A, B, and C in your mind, repeating them over and over, you are losing out on facts D and E. Better to look for main ideas. You will find them more useful and easier to recall later.
15、記憶測試式聆聽：有人認為有效的聆聽就是將所有的細節(jié)都記住。他們錯了。比如，你想從某人的大會發(fā)言中為自己的論文汲取素材。他羅列了很多點，你努力去記住它們。當(dāng)你忙著重復(fù)一條條觀點，想把它們牢牢地記在腦子里時，卻恰恰忽略了其余內(nèi)容。最好的方式是抓住要點，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)它們更有用，而且更容易幫助你回憶。
16. Take-It-All-Down Listening: When you try to get too many of the speaker's words on paper, part of your mind must be concerned with your note-taking. You are unable to concentrate fully on what he is saying. You risk losing valuable points. Where note-taking is necessary—and you may be surprised to find out how often it isn't if you concentrate fully on listening—try to jot down only a memory-jogging word or two. Or put the main ideas on paper after the speaker has finished. The more complete attention you give the speaker, the easier it will be to recall his ideas later.
16、全部記錄式聆聽：當(dāng)你奮力記錄說話人的盡可能多的詞句時，一部分注意力必然會集中在“筆記”之上。因此，你不會全力傾聽，就可能錯過有價值的信息。如果你全神貫注地聽，并不時記下一兩點內(nèi)容以幫助記憶，你會驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，并不是所有的東西都需要記錄，甚至可以在演講結(jié)束后再記下要點。對發(fā)言者的關(guān)注越多，事后就越容易回憶起他的主要觀點。
17. Personality Listening: You become so concerned with the way the speaker looks or how he talks that what he says fails to penetrate. Perhaps unconsciously you decide that a person who dresses or speaks like that can't have much to say. That could be a very false conclusion. Who knows what you may be missing? It's the old story: you can't judge a gift by the package. Better to judge him after you have heard him out.
17、關(guān)注個人式聆聽：過分關(guān)注講話者的長相或是他說話的方式，那么他所說的內(nèi)容就很難入心。也許你會下意識地認為這樣穿著或這樣講話的人不會說出什么有見地的話來。這樣的結(jié)論實屬錯誤。誰能知道你會錯過什么?俗話說，不要從包裝來判斷禮物的價值（人不可貌相）。最好在傾聽完之后再作評價。
18. Half-An-Ear Listening: Often other sounds compete for your attention—and win. Your father gives you a list of errands. But his voice must compete with, say, your favorite song on the radio. Later, you find that half an ear wasn't enough. You didn't listen to your father's words closely enough to hear and remember them. You have to telephone home for a repeat performance. And you can't really blame your father for being irritated. Better to turn off the radio, shut the door on competing noises, if possible. If not, guard against your tendency to listen to distracting sounds.
18、半個耳朵式聆聽：常常會有其他的聲音來吸引你的注意力——還占了上風(fēng)。比如，父親正在給你交待要辦的事情，他的聲音不得不與收音機里傳來的你最喜歡的歌聲相抗衡。后來你發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣“半個耳朵聽”根本不行，因為你沒有聽到并記住父親的話，于是只能打電話回家再次詢問。你實在不能責(zé)怪父親為此發(fā)火。如果可能，最好關(guān)掉收音機、關(guān)上門擋住繁雜的噪音。如果不可能，管住你自己不要被這些聲音所吸引。
19. So there are the forces—some within ourselves, some outside—that work against us in our efforts to listen. But once we learn what they are and how to fight them, we are well on our way to getting rid of wasteful listening habits.
19、所以，某些因素—既有內(nèi)在的，也有外在的——總是阻礙我們?nèi)トA聽。然而，一旦認識了它們并了解如何去克服，我們就一定能夠改掉這些耗時低效的壞習(xí)慣。
